Osteoporosis is the condition in which bone density is reduced and the patient has an increased risk of fractures. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, an estimated 44 million people in the US population aged 50 and older suffer from osteoporosis...
I’ve encountered numerous patients who are taking chronic, oral corticosteroids. We know that there are numerous potential adverse effects from long term corticosteroid use. Osteoporosis, cardiovascular risks, diabetes, and cataracts are a few of the potential...
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2s) are becoming popular treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. While typically classified as diabetes medications, there is more and more research coming out for their benefits in cardiovascular health and heart...
Pulmonary toxicology involves the airways, lung parenchyma, mediastinum, pleura, pulmonary vasculature, and the neuromuscular system based on the route of exposure to the offending agent and the dose and duration of exposure. Acute pulmonary reactions are commonly...
On a previous post, I discussed some issues surrounding digoxin use in CHF. In this post, I wanted to cover strategies for managing an out of range digoxin level. Digoxin is a drug that we can and do often assess drug levels. In clinical practice, checking levels for...
I received a question about codeine and what to expect from its use. When I was first learning pharmacy back in the late 2000s, I saw a lot of codeine. Most frequently, I remember significant use of Tylenol #3. Thankfully, I don’t see it used very often anymore....
