Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are a well-known staple in the management of upper GI bleeds (UGIB). Recently, there was a question regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of PPI use in lower GI bleeds (LGIB). First, let’s evaluate some common characteristics used to...
Excess calcium levels can be life-threatening if they become severely elevated (>14 mg/dL), causing symptoms such as polyuria and polydipsia due to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, nephrolithiasis, bone pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, confusion, rare cardiac...
While Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors aren’t used incredibly often, we wanted to provide a comparison of DPP4 inhibitors. DPP4 inhibitors are used in the treatment of diabetes and function by inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous incretin hormones...
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, or PDE-5 inhibitors, are often the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction. PDE-5 inhibitors do not produce an erection in the absence of stimulation – rather they enhance the effect of nitric oxide by inhibiting...
Last week, the FDA approved finerenone (Kerendia) to treat patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes. Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). The approval of finerenone was due to the results of the...
You’ve likely encountered numerous patients with hyperglycemia. A challenging situation that often comes up in practice is the loss of blood sugar control from a patient who had previously been well controlled. Your first step would be to inquire about...
